mE  NORMAL 


October, 


Number  8 


y^%ries--2 


e F orniation  and  Care  of 
School  Libraries 


ANGE.  V.  MILNER 


August  1 8,  1904,  Normal,  Illinois,  as  second  class  matter, 
under  Act  of  Congress  of  July  i6,  1894 


B S;H!£  P B Y T H E I L L I N O I S STATE 
■S  ^ O R ife  Af  L O N I V E R S I T Y,  NORMAL,  ILLINOIS 


Accession  No. 


^tarniitg  anb  f^abor. 

LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

University  of  Illinois. 

CLASS.  BOOK.  VOLUME. 

O'^.T.S  NV<b59f  C-0^  z 


NORMAL  SCHOOL  QUARTERLY 


Published  by  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University,  Normal,  Illinois 


Series  2 OCTOBER,  1903  No.  8 


The  Formation  and  Care  of  School  Libraries. 


The  aims  of  a school  library  are  two,  and  each  of  these  is  two- 
fold. They  are  (1)  to  develop  a taste  for  good  literature  and  the 
habit  of  reading  it;  and  (2)  to  broaden  the  pupils^  comprehension 
of  their  lessons  and  teach  them  to  use  books  as  tools.  In  selecting^ 
purchasing,  and  using  th^  library  these  aims  should  be  equally  con- 
sidered. It  is  easy  to  form  a habit  of  re^;:^  worthless  books,  and 
the  ability  to  use  books  as  tools  requirdi  practice  in  finding  and 
selecting,  as  well  as  in  reading  articles  of  information. 

Great  advancement  has  been  made  in  Illinois  in  the  last  ten 
years  in  the  number  and  value  of  the  school  libraries  and  in  the 
advantage  to  which  they  are  used ; and  the  state  and  county  super- 
intendents give  much  credit  to  the  teachers  for  this  progress.  In 
some  states  a school  library  is  required  and  provided  by  the  state. 
In  Illinois  the  teachers  usually  have  the  responsibility  of  either 
persuading  the  auiliorities  to  furnish  funds  for  books,  or  else  of 
raising  the  money  themselves.  Besides  this  they  must  know  what 
books  they  need  to  purchase  and  how  to  use  them. 

HELPS  FOR  TEACHERS. 

In  3899  a committee  from  the  Library  Section  of  the  National 
Educational  Association  published  a Beport  on  the  Eelations  of 
Public  Libraries  to  Public  Schools.  This  contains  information 
about  the  selection  of  books,  the  use  of  a school  library,  and  the  co- 
operation of  schools  and  public  libraries.  It  is  the  most  helpful 
work  published  on  this  branch  of  the  subject. 

The  name,  publisher,  and  price  of  this  and  of  all  other 
publications  mentioned  and  addresses  referred  to  in  this  pamphlet 
Avill  be  found  in  the  appendix. 


2 


The  Normal  School  Quarterly, 


The  technical  information  necessary  for  buying  and  managing 
a small  library  is  given  completely  and  clearly  in  Dana's  Librar}^ 
Primer.  The  use  of  these  two  works  will  save  time^  money,,  and 
effort. 

Besides  the  book  lists  in  those  publications^  many  others  of 
high  value  are  accessible.  Among  the  best^  annotated  and  classi- 
fied by  grade  or  age,  are  those  published  by  the  Superintendent 
of  Education,  Wisconsin,  the  New  York  State  Library  School,  and 
the  Evanston  Public  Library.  The  books  of  the  Illinois  Pupils’ 
Heading  Circle  are  well  selected. 

Many  of  the  leading  publishing  houses  make  a specialty  of 
books  for  school  libraries.  They  publish  both  standard  literature 
and  books  of  information  in  substantial,  attractive  form,  at  low 
prices;  and  some  of  them  also  furnish  booklets  on  children’s  read- 
ing and  the  formation  of  school  libraries.  See  names  and  addresses 
in  the  appendix  under  ^^Publishers.”  Their  circulars  may  be  had 
upon  application. 

Kroeger’s  ‘^Guide  to  the  Study  and  Use  of  Reference  Books” 
is  the  most  useful  vmrk  on  that  subject.  It  contains  annotated  lists 
and  other  information,  and  is  up  to  date.  Helpful  lists  of  refer- 
ence books  are  to  be  found  in  the  Library  Primer,  the  Wisconsin 
Library  Lists,  and  the  Course  of  Study  for  Common  Schools  of 
Illinois. 

The  Library  Primer  contains  a select  list  of  periodicals. 

SELECTION  OF  BOOKS. 

A teacher  can  gain  the  best  results  by  making  his  own  selection 
of  both  ^Tooks  of  inspiration  and  books  of  information,”  being 
guided  by  good  lists,  his  knowledge  of  the  books,  and  his  acquaint- 
ance with  the  children.  By  working  carefully  he  can  make  a good 
beginning  even  if  he  has  but  little  knowledge  on  the  subject  and 
a very  small  sum  of  money. 

It  is  better  to  select  nothing  that  is  not  included  in  a standard 
list,  unless  it  is  recommended  by  some  one  of  equal  judgment  and 
experience  with  those  who  made  the  lists,  or  unless  the  teacher 
knows  it  will  meet  a specific  need.  This  rule  should  be  applied 
even  to  selecting  the  edition,  when  choosing  from  publishers’  cir- 
culars. Some  editions  of  standard  literature  are  cut  or  edited 
until  they  are  considerably  changed ; old  publications  are  occasion- 
ally re-issued  under  new  titles,  and  books  of  information  are  some- 
times out  of  date  or  otherwise  unreliable. 

In  choosing  reference  books,  be  careful  not  only  to  select  works 
that  are  well  recommended,  but  to  get  the  latest  editions.  Cyclopedias 


The  Formation  and  Care  of  School  Libraries, 


3 


written  and  published  in  this  country  are  more  useful  than  English 
ones  to  pupils  in  the  United  States.  Next  in  value  to  the  ex- 
pensive reference  books^,  and  suitable  for  elementary  schools^  are 
Champlin^s  Cyclopaedias.  Good  work  can  be  done  with  geograph- 
ical readers  and  some  first-class  textbooks  on  the  various  subjects. 
Add  a newspaper  almanac^  the  Statistical  Abstract  of  the  U.  S.^,  the 
Blue  Book  of  Illinois,  and  the  Campaign  Books  of  each  leading 
political  party.  Ad  vertising  circulars  and  clippings  from  magazines 
are  valuable  additions  to  the  reference  department  if  carefully 
chosen.  One  of  the  weeklies  treating  of  current  history  and  pre- 
pared especially  for  school  use  will  be  helpful. 

In  choosing  books  for  children's  reading  remember  that  chil- 
dren have  different  tastes  at  different  ages,  and  also  that  they  can- 
not enjoy  books  that  are  too  difficult  for  them  to  read  or  too 
tedious  to  interest  them.  The  one  thing  for  which  they  care  is 
that  a book  shall  be  interesting;  they  have  no  prejudices  against  its 
being  also  well  written.  On  the  other  hand  the  best  written  books 
in  the  world  will  be  of  little  use  here  if  they  do  not  appeal  to  the 
children,  for  the  children  simply  do  not  read  them.  Information 
on  good  literature  for  young  people  is  to  be  found  in  the  Eeport 
of  the  Library  Section  of  the  N.  E.  A. ; Adler’s  Moral  Instruction 
of  Children;  Arnold’s  Eeading:  How  to  teach  it;  Baldwin’s  Book 
Lover;  Burt’s  Literary  Landmarks;  and  a host  of  other  books. 

BOOK  BUYING. 

In  apportioning  the  funds  it  will  usually  be  found  best  to 
divide  them  equally  between  books  for  reference  and  books  for 
reading.  Books  for  supplementary  reading  frequently  meet  both 
needs.  Much  good  reference  material  may  be  secured  free  of  ex- 
pense, but  reference  books  in  general  are  more  expensive  than  the 
same  number  of  volumes  of  first-class  literature. 

Don’t  buy  ‘^‘^bargains”  in  C3"clopedias,  dictionaries,  or  other, 
reference  books  ; they  are  usually  out  of  date.  Don’t  buy  a stock 
lot  of  books  because  they  are  cheap.  Don’t  buy  subscription  books 
unless  they  are  well-known,  standard  works,  and  remember  that 
these  may  often  be  purchased  to  better  advantage  from  regular 
dealers.  ^Don’t  buv  any  books  not  recommended  by  a reliable 
authority.  By  following  these  suggestions  strictly  something  use- 
ful may  possibly  be  missed.  By  not  following  them  many  things 
of  very  little  use  will  surely  be  purchased  and  money  wasted. 

Cloth  bindings  are  usually  the  most  economical.  Boards  and 


4 


The  Normal  School  Quarterly, 


paper  are  not  durable^  and  the  durability  of  leather  trade  binding 
is  rarely  proportional  to  its  additional  cost.  Discounts  are  often 
given  for  prompt  payment.  By  subscribing  for  all  periodicals 
thru  one  agents  the  best  club  rates  are  secured. 

in  making  book  lists  use  slips,  taking  a separate  one  for  each 
book.  Begin  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner  with  the  author’s 
name,  surname  first,  then  title,  followed  by  edition,  series  or  other 
information  necessary  to  identify  the  book,  publisher  and  price. 
For  the  order  list  arrange  these  slips  alphabetically  by  author,  and 
copy  on  sheets.  Be  careful  to  keep  an  exact  copy  of  the  order 
finally  sent. 

It  is  desirable  to  order  eYer3dhing  from  one  house.  Get  prices 
from  the  home  dealer  first,  remembering  that  even  if  he  is  a little 
more  expensive  he  will  save  time  in  correspondence  and  other  de- 
tails. Next  to  that,  order  from  the  nearest  large  city  and  have 
the  packages  sent  by  freight.  Copies  of  the  list  may  be  first  sent 
to  several  reliable  dealers  for  prices.  After  choosing  one  buy  en- 
tirely of  him  as  long  as  he  gives  satisfaction.  A purchaser  is  bene- 
fited by  being  a regular  instead  of  a transient  customer.  If  edi- 
tions have  been  specified  there  cannot  be  much  difference  in  the 
prices  made  by  the  difterent  dealers.  If  much  freedom  is  left  in 
selecting  editions  the  lowest  bid  will  include  inferior  and  cheaper 
copies. 

A reduction  of  from  20  to  30  per  cent  will  usually  be  made 
from  the  retail  price  of  fiction  and  other  popular  books  that  have 
been  published  more  than  a year  and  are  still  in  print.  Most  books 
published  within  a year  are  net,  with  no  reductions  to  individuals, 
but  with  a 10  per  cent  reduction  to  libraries,  including  the  smallest 
school  libraries.  These  books  are  likely  to  be  sold  at  lower  rates 
after  they  have  been  out  more  than  a year.  Most  textbooks  and 
technical  books  are  net  with  a discount  of  from  2 to  12  per  cent  to 
libraries,  while  a few  net  books  admit  of  no  reduction.  Libraries 
making  large  purchases  get  larger  reductions  in  some  lines  than 
those  buying  only  a few  books  at  a time. 

On  receipt  of  the  packages,  the  books,  order,  and  bill  should  be 
carefully  compared  Good  dealers  will  readily  correct  their  mis- 
takes and  replace  imperfect  copies. 

PKEPAKING  BOOKS  FOR  SHELVING. 

Write  or  stamp  the  name  of  the  school  on  the  back  of  the  title 
page  and  in  one  or  two  other  places  in  the  volume.  Title  pages 


The  Formation  and  Care  of  School  Libraries, 


5 


and  illustrations  should  never  be  defaced  with  marks  of  identifica- 
tion. 

Get  an  ordinary  square  blankbook  for  an  accession  book.  Rule 
it  in  columns  for  Accession  number;  Classification  number; 
Author;  Title;  Place  and  Publisher;  Date;  Binding;  Source; 
Cost;  Eem.arks.  These  columns  are  to  extend  over  two  opposite 
pages.  Take  a line  across  the  two  pages  for  each  volume  and  write 
the  items  describing  it  in  their  respective  columns.  Number  the 
lines  consecutively,  beginning  with  1.  The  number  of  the  line 
is  the  accession  number  of  the  volume  entered  there.  Write  the 
accession  number  in  the  volume  on  the  second  page  after  the  title 
page.  This  information  is  given  more  fully  and  is  illustrated  in 
Dana's  Library  Primer.  That  work  also  gives  simple  directions 
for  classifying,  shelf-listing,  cataloging,  book-binding,  and  other 
such  points.  Consemiently  these  items  are  omitted  or  only  par- 
tially treated  here. 

It  is  now  practicable  to  buy  printed  catalog  cards  for  recent 
publications  from  the  Library  of  Congress  at  l-2c  for  each  card  in 
a set  except  the  first  card  which  costs  2 l-2c.  By  a ^^seP^  is  meant 
all  the  cards  for  one  work  that  are  ordered  at  one  time.  For  full 
information  write  to  the  Library  of  Congress. 


BOOKCASES. 

The  following  are  standard  measurements : 

Hight,  7 feetj  8 inches. 

Four  upper  shelves,  each  3 feet  by  7 1-2  inches. 

Two  lower  shelves,  counter  ledge,  and  floor  of  case,  each  3 feet  by 
15  1-2  inches. 

Hight  from  floor  to  top  of  counter  ledge,  38  inches. 

Thickness  of  counter  ledge,  1 inch. 

Hight  of  finish  across  upper  part  of  case,  4 inches. 

Hight  of  finish  across  lower  part  of  case,  4 inches. 

Thickness  of  boards  closing  in  back  of  case,  1-2  inch. 

Shelves  to  be  made  of  inch  stuff  dressed  to  7-8  of  an  inch. 

Uprights  of  1 1-8  to  1 1-2  inch  stuff. 

Have  the  upper  shelves  fixed.  Give  10  inches  of  space  between  them. 
The  floor  of  the  case  makes  the  lowest  shelf  and  is  four  inches  from  the 
floor  of  the  room. 


6 


The  Normal  School  Quarterly 


Make  peg  holes  1-2  inch  in  diameter^  3-4  inch  deep,  and  2 inches 
aparh,  between  the  floor-shelf  and  the  counter  ledge.  Have  w'ooden 
pegs  2 inches  long  and  1-2  inch  in  diameter,  made  of  very  strong  wood  to 
support  the  adjustable  lower  shelves.  These  may  be  placed  far  apart  for 
the  larger  books,  or  near  together  so  as  to  shelve  folios  on  their  sides. 
Including  the  floor  of  the  case  and  the  counter  ledge,  this  gives  8 shelves. 

Do  not  allow  any  finish  or  ornamentation  to  overlap  any  part  of  the 
inside  spaces.  This  is  always  a vexatious  thing,  catching  or  concealing 
books. 

Two  or  three  sections  of  these  measurements  make  a good  wall 
case,  accommodating  about  170  books  to  the  section.  If  doors  are  needed 
for  locking  up  the  case  at  night  they  should  be  made  of  wood. 

CHARGING  SYSTEM. 

The  following  is  a simple  charging  system:  Make  pockets 
of  medium  sized  manila  envelopes.  Cut  a curved  line  from  end 
to  end  of  the  top-  of  each  envelope.  This  removes  the  flap  and 
gives  a place  for  taking  hold  of  the  book  card  easily.  Paste  the 
pocket  upon  the  inside  of  the  front  cover  of  the  book,  face  up. 
Book  cards  should  measure  3x5  inches  and  may  be  made  of  stiff 
manila. 

Write  classification  number  at  the  top  and  accession  number 
at  the  bottom  of  both  pocket  and  card.  When  the  book  is  circu- 
lated date  the  book  card  and  let  the  person  drawing  out  the  book 
sign  it.  Cards  of  books  in  circulation  should  be  filed  in  a box  by 
the  classification  numlier.  When  the  book  is  brought  back,  cancel 
the  signature  with  the  date  of  return  and  replace  the  card  in  the 
pocket.  If  the  signatures  follow  each  other  closely  the  card  can 
be  used  at  least  twenty-five  times. 

CARE  OF  BOOKS. 

Do  not  crowd  the  books  on  the  shelves  or  allow  them  to  lean 
over;  both  methods  injure  them.  Never  hold  a book  tight  when 
opening  it,  and  never  bend  the  covers  backward;  either  is  likely 
to  break  the  back.  The  following  are  the  directions  for  opening 
a new  book  or  a newly  bound  one:  ^^Hold  the  book  with  its  back 
on  a smooth  table ; let  the  front  board  down,  then  the  other,  hold- 
ing the  leaves  in  one  hand  while  you  open  a few  leaves  at  the  back, 
then  a few  at  the  front,  and  so  on,  alternately  opening  back  and 
front,  gently  pressing  open  the  sections  till  you  reach  the  middle 
of  the  volume.  Do  this  two  or  three  times  and  you  will  obtain  the 
best  results.^^  Cut  the  leaves  with  a flat  paper-knife  having  a 
smooth,  blunt  edge,  being  careful  to  cut  well  into  the  joint. 


The  Formation  and  Care  of  School  Libraries, 


7 


Never  turn  the  leaves  with  moist  or  soiled  fingers.  Do  not 
turn  them  in  any  way  that  might  tear^  soil,  or  crumple  them.  Be 
careful  not  to  close  the  hook  in  such  a way  as  to  crease  the  leaves. 
The  injury  to  the  leaves  of  large  dictionaries  and  atlases  is  entirely 
from  clumsy  and  careless  handling.  Keep  them  on  tables  from 
which  they  are  not  to  be  moved,  and  then  make  a point  of  teaching 
the  children  how  to  handle  them  properly. 

Never  pile  open  books,  or  lay  them  face  downward,  or  write 
on  them. 

DonT  turn  down  leaves,  use  bookmarks. 

Never  close  a book  on  anything  thicker  than  a thin  card. 

DojTt  mark  any  book  that  you  do  not  personally  own. 

Heaw  books  should  never  be  rested  on  the  fore  edges  for  any 
length  of  time,  and  very  large  ones  should  always  be  shelved  on 
their  sides. 

Never  let  books  fall,  it  injures  the  covers  and  loosens  the  bind- 
ings. 

Heat  is  injurious  to  bindings  and  sunlight  fades  them. 

In  mending  books  never  use  mucilage  or  glue,  and  use  paste 
sparingly.  Sew  in  loose  leaves  instead  of  pasting  them  whenever 
it  can  be  ^lone.  Much  mending  spoils  a book  for  rebinding.  First- 
class  rebinding  lasts  much  longer  than  the  original  trade  binding 
usually  does. 

The  librarv  should  be  cleaned  once  a year.  Carrv  the  books 
to  the  open  window  where  the  air  draws  outward,  take  a book 
firmly  in  each  hand,  strike  the  two  together  two  or  three  times 
and  finish  by  dusting  lightly  all  over  with  a soft  feather  or  wool 
brush.  Holding  the  books  firmly  during  the  process  prevents  the 
blows  from  loosening  the  binding.  Always  dust  away  from  the 
hinge  and  do  nothing  that  might  brush  the  dust  in  between  the 
leaves.  Taking  care  of  the  books  according  to  these  directions  pre- 
serves them  longer. 

It  should  be  clearh^  understood  that  an)^  person  losing  a book, 
or  damaging  one  beyond  natural  wear  and  tea]-,  must  promptly 
make  good  the  loss;  otherwise  the  library  may  dwindle  away  or 
go  to  pieces.  The  Illinois  law,  authorizing  the  establishment  of 
public  libraries,  contains  the  following  clause : The  city  council 
of  said  city  shall  have  power  to  pass  ordinances  imposing  suitable 
penalties  . . . for  injury  to  or  failure  to  return  any  book  be- 

longing to  such  library. 


8 


The  Normal  School  Quarterly, 


PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS. 

These  publications  include  nian}^  that  are  useful  to  the 
smallest  school.  Every  Senator,  Kepresentative,  and  Delegate  is 
entitled  to  designate  the  recipients  of  a certain  number  of  copies 
of  each  public  document  intended  for  distribution.  Application 
should  be  made  to  the  Eepresentative  of  the  congressional  district. 
There  is  a surplus  of  most  of  the  publications.  Some  of  these  are 
for  free  distribution  by  the  Department  issuing  them,  but  most  of 
them  are  sold  either  by  the  Department  itself  or  by  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Documents.  In  order  to  keep  informed  of  the  publica- 
tions useful  for  a school,  examine  those  recently  received  by  a 
library  entitled  to  receive  all  as  fast  as  published;  ask  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  to  send  regularly  its  monthly  list  of  publica- 
tions; and  write  to  the  Superintendent  of  Documents  and  to  each 
U.  S.  Department  and  Bureau  given  in  the  appendix  of  this 
pamphlet  for  their  lists  of  publications  available  for  free  distribu- 
tion and  for  sale.  For  information  up  to  date  about  all  these  pub- 
lications consult  a little  monthly  periodical  entitled  Government 
Publications,  and  write  to  the  Superintendent  of  Documents  for 
his  first  and  last  reports. 

It  is  to  the  advantage  of  large  schools  to  be  on  the  regular 
mailing  list  of  the  Geological  Survey.  Some  of  these  works  are 
useful  for  any  school.  Other  publications  of  general  interest  are: 
The  Year  Book  and  many  other  documents  from  the  Bureau  of 
Agriculture;  the  Keport  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education;  The 
Statistical  Abstract;  the  Congressional  Directory;  the  illustrated 
reports  of  our  foreign  dependencies  issued  by  the  War  Department; 
some  of  the  handbooks  of  the  Bureau  of  American  Eepublics,  and 
a few  of  the  publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  The 
Congressional  Eecord  and  some  of  the  publications  of  the  Bureau 
of  Labor  are  useful  in  large  high  schools.  The  Library  of  Con- 
gress publishes  select  lists  of  references  upon  a variety  of  subjects, 
many  of  them  useful  to  schools.  In  writing  to  any  branch  of  the 
IT.  S.  Government  for  information  never  inclose  stamps  for  a reply. 
When  money  is  to  be  sent  in  payment  for  books  a postal  money 
order  is  best.  All  departments  accept  this. 

State  Publications  are  furnished  free  in  their  own  state,  and 
are  sent  to  other  states  at  the  price  of  transportation  or  sold  at 
prices  that  are  low  in  proportion  to  their  value.  A list  may  usually 
be  had  from  the  Secretary  of  State.  The  Superintendent  of  Edu- 
cation furnishes  the  School  Eeports,  Arbor  Day  and  Memorial  Da}^ 


The  Formation  and  Care  of  School  Libraries, 


9 


Programs  and  other  educational  literature  useful  to  teachers  and 
schools.  These  works,  the  Blue  Book,  publications  of  the  Colleges 
of  Agriculture,  and  other  scientific  publications  of  a state  are  gen- 
erally useful  to  schools.  In  Illinois  some  of  the  publications  of 
the  State  ISTaturalist  are  suited  to  school  use.  The  Keport  of  the 
Illinois  Board  of  World's  Fair  Commissioners  contains  informa- 
tion about  the  physical  geography,  forestry,  and  state  institutions 
of  Illinois.  The  Report  of  the  Illinois  Farmers^  Institute  will  be 
useful  in  rural  districts.  The  Cornell  College  of  Agriculture  pub- 
lishes valuable  leaflets  for  school  use.  The  Uniyersity  of  Minne- 
sota has  recently  published  an  excellent  book,  ^^Eural  School  Agri- 
culture, Bulletin  No.  1.^^  The  Geological  Surveys  of  New  Jersey, 
Michigan,  and  Wisconsin  issue  valuable  publications.  Labor  Re- 
ports and  other  state  publications  are  useful  in  advanced  schools. 


PICTURES  FOR  REFERENCE  USE. 

Pictures  have  now  become  a necessary  part  of  the  school  outfit. 
They  can  be  purchased  in  great  variety  at  from  half  a cent  to  $3 
each.  The  well-known  series  at  from  l-2c  to  5c  auiece  include  his- 
torical subjects,  copies  of  noted  paintings,  architecture  and  statu- 
ary, and  a limited  amount  of  animals  and  scenery.  The  colored 
pictures  at  2c  each  include  birds,  flowers,  fruit,  and  a few  geograph- 
ical and  miscellaneous  subjects.  Unmounted  photographs  of  the 
plates  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  are  for  sale  at  from  8c  to 
25c  each,  according  to  size.  Beautiful  photographs  of  scenery  and 
architecture,  both  plain  and  colored,  are  sold  at  from  15c  to  35c 
each,  unmounted. 

Excellent  pictures  of  scenery  and  architecture  are  to  be  found 
in  railroad  publications  and  other  advertising  pamphlets.  Some- 
times the  information  they  contain  is  also  useful.  They  can  be 
found  by  referring  to  the  advertising  pages  of  magazines.  They 
usually  cost  from  2c  to  6c  postage  and  often  include  pictures  that 
cannot  be  secured  so  cheaply,  if  at  all,  in  any  other  way.  Pictures 
that  cannot  be  found  anywhere  else  can  often  be  clipped  from  mag- 
azines. Housekeepers  are  often  glad  to  give  away  the  accumula- 
tion of  magazines  that  they  otherwise  store  or  destroy,  but  larely 
use. 

Mounting  board  in  various  colors  comes  in  sheets  30x40  inches, 
and  costs  from  10c  to  40c  a sheet  according  to  quality,  quantity, 
and  dealer.  It  may  be  purchased  at  any  art  store.  Woodpnlp 
board  comes  in  sheets  26x38  inches,  in  creamy  white  and  costs  4c 


10 


The  Normal  School  Quarterly, 


or  5c  a sheet  according  to  quantity.  These  can  all  be  cut  by  the 
dealer  at  slight  additional  expense.  The  following  sizes  are  all 
useful,  the  measurement  being  in  inches:  ta8;  7 1-2x10; 
10x13  1-3;  15x20  : 20x30.  These  measurements  are  for  the  col- 
ored mounting  board  and  can  be  varied  slightly  so  as  to  cut  the 
woodpulp  board  to  good  advantage.  The  large  sizes  are  for  post- 
ers made  of  groups  of  pictures  illustrating  a single  subject^  an 
arrangement  particularly  useful  for  historical  subjects. 

The  best  paste  is  some  one  of  those  sold  for  library  paste  or 
for  mounting  photographs.  Flour  is  good  but  spoils  soon  even 
with  oil  of  cloves  in  it.  A roller  such  as  is  used  for  mounting 
photos  costs  25c.  A bottle  may  be  used  instead.  It  is  easiest  to 
paste  only  the  corners  or  edges  of  a picture,  but  neither  method 
is  sufficiently  durable  for  much  handling.  With  practice  one  can 
learn  to  paste  the  picture  all  over;  put  it  squarely  on  the  card;  rub 
it  smoothly  with  a cloth,  wiping  from  the  middle;  roll  it;  press 
it  under  a heavy  weight,  and  get  good  results. 

Lettering  may  be  done  upon  the  colored  mounting  board  with 
wdiite  ink  or  white  w^ater  color  paint,  applied  with  a fine  cameFs 
hair  brush. 

The  pictures  are  best  kept  on  shelves  enclosed  by  doors.  Good 
depths  for  the  shelves  are  10  1-2  inches  for  the  upper  ones  and 
20  1-2  inches  for  the  lower  ones,  inside  measurements.  Classify 
the  pictures  closely  and  put  under  each  package  a sheet  of  manila 
paper  the  depth  of  the  shelf.  On  this  sheet  should  be  w^ritten  the 
subject  or  class  number  of  the  pictures  belonging  to  it.  To  keep 
unmounted  pictures  classify  them  closely;  fold  paper  into  port- 
folios of  about  the  size  of  an  ordinary  magazine,  folding  the  top 
edge  over  several  inches;  put  the  pictures  in  these,  writing  the 
subject  on  the  part  folded  over,  and  file  the  portfolios  on  edge  in 
a deep  box  or  drawer.  A separate  but  similar  arrangement  may 
be  made  for  the  larger  pictures. 

Various  arrangements  can  be  contrived  for  displaying  pictures 
in  the  room.  Burlap  mounted  as  a panel,  screen  or  wall  banner 
is  one  of  the  most  effective.  Picture  wares  stretched  in  lines  ten 
or  twelve  inches  apart  horizontally  across  a w^all  space  are  con- 
venient. The  Dennison  company  furnish  various  clips  and  pins 
for  hanging  small  pictures. 

Interest  the  children  in  collecting  pictures  illustrating  their 
lessons,  and  mounting  them  either  for  themselves  or  for  the  school. 
They  may  not  be  as  skilful  as  the  teacher,  but  they  wall  learn  more 
than  if  it  is  all  done  for  them. 


The  Formation  and  Care  of  School  Libraries, 


11 


PRESERVATION  OP  CLIPPINGS. 

Clippings  of  one  or  more  pages  may  be  made  into  pamphlets. 
Make  manila  covers  and  sew  in  the  leaves  or  fasten  them  in  with 
McGill  fasteners.  Clippings  of  one  page  or  less  may  be  kept  con- 
veniently in  any  of  the  following  ways : (1)  Put  them  in  a Mark 

Twain  scrap  book;  this  has  gummed  pages  and  only  needs  water 
to  fasten  in  the  clippings.  (2)  Fasten  them  with  paste,  not 
mucilage>  into  an  ordinary  scrap  book  or  blank  book;  if  the  latter 
is  used  first  remove  two  out  of  every  three  leaves,  cutting  them 
out  about  half  an  inch  from  the  hinge.  (3)  Have  sheets  of  ma- 
nila paper  about  8x9  3-4  inches;  paste  the  clippings  on  these, 
leaving  a margin  at  the  side  by  which  the  sheets  may  be  fastened 
together  into  a cover  if  necessary;  keep  all  the  sheets  on  one  sub- 
ject in  a cover  or  portfolio  cut  and  folded  from  manila  paper.  (4) 
Paste  the  clippings  in  small  piles  on  manila  sheets,  7 3-4x9  3-4 
inches,  securing  them  by  the  upper  edge  only,  and  file.  (5)  Paste 
the  clippings  on  strips  of  manila  paper  3 1-2x9  inches,  and  keep 
them  in  manila  envelopes  4x9  1-2  inches.  Clippings  for  personal 
use  only  may  be  kept  in  these  envelopes  without  mounting  them. 
The  envelope<=i  should  be  filed  on  edge  in  the  boxes  in  which  envel- 
opes of  that  size  come. 

Clippings  and  pamphlets  should  be  closely  classified.  Write 
subject  or  class  number  on  the  cover  or  envelope,  and  arrange 
alphabetically  by  subject  or  numerically  by  class  number.  The 
Library  Bureau  furnishes  several  kinds  of  files  for  pamphlets. 
The  Challenge  or  Evergreen  City  file  is  another  good  kind. 

INDEX  RERUM. 

Make  this  on  cards  measuring  3x5  inches.  Write  the  subject 
of  a card  in  red  ink  on  the  upper  line  and  arrange  the  cards  alpha- 
betically by  subject.  Outfits  for  this  purpose  are  sold  by  the 
Globe-Wernicke  Co.,  the  Library  Bureau  and  other  firms.  An 
inexpensive  outfit  may  be  made  of  manila  cards  and  an  envelope 
box. 

TRAVELING  LIBRARIES. 

These  consist  of  about  fifty  volumes,  put  up  in  a strong  case, 
accompanied  by  a catalog  and  a charging  system,  and  shipped 
from  place  to  place  for  temporary  use.  Some  county  superin- 
tendents and  some  public  libraries  send  traveling  libraries  to  the 
schools  dependent  upon  them.  Outside  of  these  the  most  extensive 


12 


The  Normal  School  Quarterly, 


circulation  of  free  traveling  libraries  in  this  state  is  due  to  the 
Illinois  Federation  of  Women’s  Clubs  and  to  the  Illinois  Farmers’ 
Institute.  Both  institutions  loan  their  libraries  for  a period  of 
six  months  at  the  cost  of  transportation.  Full  information  may 
be  had  from  each  upon  application.  There  are  also  institutions 
furnishing  traveling  libraries  as  a business.  Prominent  among 
them  is  the  Booklovers’  Librar}"^  giving  excellent  service. 

USE  OF  BOOKS. 

After  all,  the  value  of  a school  library  lies  in  its  usefulness, 
and  this  depends  upon  the  teacher.  As  much  freedom  as  possible 
should  be  given  in  the  use  of  books  at  school,  but  a strict  record 
should  be  kept  of  every  volume  taken  out  of  the  room  either  by 
pupils  or  teachers.  Some  of  the  pupils  will  make  excellent  library 
assistants.  Choose  intelligent,  wide-awake,  active,  kindly  ones ; 
never  those  who  are  slow  or  over-bearing.  Help  the  children  to 
enjoy  good  literature  suited  to  their  ages.  Teach  them  to  respect 
books  and  to  handle  them  without  injuring  them,  just  as  they 
should  be  taught  to  handle  and  respect  any  other  valuable  or  beau- 
tiful things;  and  do  this  by  example  even  more  than  by  precept. 
To  teach  them  how  to  use  books  as  tools,  send  them  to  the  reference 
books  for  things  that  they  really  want  to  know.  Send  them  also 
to  look  up  subjects  connected  with  their  lessons,  being  careful  to 
give  them  problems  within  their  power.  Teach  them  to  become 
self-helpful  among  the  books.  Then  the  end  and  aim  of  a school 
library  will  be  attained. 

APPENDIX. 

ADDRESSES,  BOOKS  MENTIONED,  ETC. 

Abridged  Decimal  Classilication.  Library  Bureau,  $1. 

Adler,  Felix,  Moral  Instruction  of  Children.  Appleton,  $1.50. 

Arnold,  8.  L.,  Reading:  How  to  Teach  it.  Silver,  Burdett,  $1. 

Baldwin,  James,  Book  Lover;  rev.  ed.  McClurg,  $I  net. 

Blue  Book,  Illinois.  Secretary  of  State,  Springfield.  Free. 

Booklovers'  Library.  1323  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Bureau  of  American  Republics.  Washington,  D.  C. 

Burt,  Mary  E.,  Literary  Landmarks.  Houghton,  Miffln,  75c. 

Campaign  Books.  Headquarters  of  the  leading  political  parties.  Free. 

Catalog  cards.  Printed.  Library  of  Congress,  Catalog  division,  Wasliing- 
ton,  D C. 

Challenge  or  Evergreen  City  file.  Pantagraph  Printing  & Stationery  Co., 
Bloomington,  111. 


The  Formation  and  Care  of  School  Libraries. 


13 


Cliamplin’s  Cyclopaedia  of  Common  Things.  Holt,  $2.50. 

Cyclopaedia  of  Games  and  Sports.  Holt,  $2.50. 

Cyclopaedia  of  Literature  and  Art.  Holt,  $2.50. 

Cyclopaedia  of  Persons  and  Places.  Holt,  $2.50. 

Congressional  Directory.  Free  from  Representative.  Sold  by  Superin- 
tendent of  Documents, 

Congressional  Record.  Free  from  Representative.  Sold  by  Public  Printer 
and  Superintendent  of  Documents. 

Cornell  College  of  Agriculture.  Publications  for  sale  by  W.  F.  Humphrey, 
Geneva,  N.  Y. 

Course  of  Study  for  the  Common  Schools  of  Illinois.  C.  M.  Parker,  Tay- 
lorville.  111.,  15c. 

Dana,  J.  C.,  Library  Primer.  Library  Bureau,  $1  net. 

Dennison  Manufacturing  Co.  128  Franklin  St.,  Chicago. 

Evanston  Free  Public  Library,  Evanston,  111.  List  of  Five  Hundred  Books 
in  the  School  Libraries  of  Evanston. 

Globe- Wernicke,  Co.,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Government  Publications,  monthly.  1608  Prospect  St.,  N.  W.,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  50c  a year. 

Illinois  Board  of  World’s  Fair  Commissioners’  Report.  Secretary  of  State, 
Springfield. 

Farmers’  Institute.  State  House,  Springfield,  111. 

Federation  of  Women’s  Clubs.  Mrs.  Margaret  D.  Trimble,  Chair- 
man Library  Committee,  Princeton,  111. 

Pupils’  Reading  Circle.  F.  A.  Kendall,  Naperville,  111. 

State  Publications.  Secretary  of  State,  Springfield. 

Kroeger,  Alice  B.,  Guide  to  the  Study  and  Use  of  Reference  Books. 
Houghton,  Mifflin,  $1.25  net. 

Library  Bureau.  156  Wabash  Ave;  Chicago. 

Library  of  Congress,  Division  of  Bibliography.  Washington,  D.  C. 

National  Educational  Association,  Report  of  Committee  on  the  Relation 
of  Public  Libraries  to  Public  Schools,  1899.  Secretary  of  the  N.  E. 
A.,  Winona,  Minn.  15c. 

New  York  State  Library  Bibliographies,  Class  List  of  a $500  Library 
Recommended  for  Schools.  University  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  15c. 

Fairy  Tales  for  Children.  University  of  the  State  of  New  York, 

Albany,  N.  Y.*  15c. 

Picture  Dealers:  Art  Study  Co.,  307-321  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 

Brown’s  Famous  Pictures,  Thomas  Charles  Co,  195  Wabash  Ave., 

Chicago. 

Cosmos  Picture  Co.,  296  Broadway,  New  York. 

Detroit  Photographic  Co.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Helman-Taylor  Art  Co.,  257  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 

C.  I.  Hood  & Co.,  Photo  Dept.,  Lowell,  Mass. 


14 


The  Normal  School  Quarterly. 


George  A.  Mosher,  112  E.  Fayette  St.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  (Blue 

Prints. ) 

A.  W.  Mumford,  Publisher,  203  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago. 

Perry  Pictures  Co.  Box  300,  Malden,  Mass. 

Prang  Educational  Co.,  Fine  Arts  Building,  Chicago. 

E.  R.  Shepard,  Photographer,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Soule  Art  Co.^i  Boston,  Mass. 

Public  Documents.  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Publishers  of  books  for  school  libraries:  American  Book  Co.,  Chicago; 
D.  Appleton  & Co.,  Chicago;  Th.  Y.  Crowell  & Co.,  New  York;  Edu- 
cational Publishing  Co.,  Chicago;  Ginn  & Co.,  Chicago;  Harper  Bros., 
Chicago;  D.  C.  Heath  & Co.,  Chicago;  Henry  Holt  & Co.,  Chicago; 
Houghton,  Mifflin  & Co.,  Chicago;  Little,  Brown  & Co.,  Boston;  Long- 
mans, Green  & Co.,  Chicago.  A.  C.  McClurg  & Co.,  Chicago;  Mac- 
millan Co.,  Chicago;  Public  School  Publishing  Co.,  Bloomington,  111.; 
G.  P.  Putnam’s  Sons,  New  York;  Rand,  McNally  & Co.,  Chicago;  Chas. 
Scribner’s  Sons,  Chicago;  Werner  School  Book  Co.,  Chicago. 

Rural  School  Agriculture,  Bulletin  No.  1., Exercises  in  Agriculture  and 
Housekeeping  for  Rural  Schools.  University  of  Minnesota,  St.  An- 
thony Park.  Minn. 

Secretary  of  State,  any  state.  Address  that  title  at  the  capital  of  the  state. 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C.  A limited  number  of  publi- 
cations given  away  and  sold. 

State  Superintendent  of  Education,  any  state.  Address  that  title  at  the 
capital  of  the  state. 

Statistical  Abstract  of  the  United  States.  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education. 

Bureau  of  Statistics. 

Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries. 

Department  of  Agriculture. 

Geological  Survey. 

Superintendent  of  Documents. 

War  Department. 

W^eather  Bureau.  All  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

Wisconsin.  List  of  books  for  high  school  libraries.  35e. 

List  of  books  for  township  libraries.  35c. 

Supplementary  list  of  books  for  township  libraries.  All  issued  by 

the  State  Superintendent  of  Education,  Madison. 

Woodpulp  Board.  Pantagraph  Printing  & Stationery  Co.,  Bloomington,  111. 

Note. — The  author  of  this  pamphlet  will  be  glad  to  give  fur- 
ther assistance  along  these  lines.  Address  Library  of  the  111.  State 
Normal  University,  Normal,  111. 


15 


The  lorynation  and  Care  of  School  Libraries, 


The  Illinois 

State  Normal  University 


is  maintained  by  the  State  for  the  education  of  teachers. 
It  affords  these  advantages: 

A faculty  of  thirty-two  teachers. 

A training  department  with  nine  critic  teachers  and 
opportunity  for  work  in  all  grades  from  the  kindergarten 
thru  the  high  school. 

A library  of  13,000  bound  volumes  and  5,000  pamph- 
lets, all  carefully  classified  and  catalogued. 

Well-furnished  laboratories  for  chemistry,  physics, 
biology,  and  geography. 

A manual  training  department  with  ample  equipment. 

A spacious  gymnasium  and  abundant  provision  for 
indoor  and  outdoor  athletic  games. 

A director  of  physical  training  who  gives  her  entire 
time  to  the  work. 

A school-garden  of  two  and  one-fourth  acres,  with  a 
special  teacher  of  elementary  science  as  related  to  agri- 
culture. 

A campus  of  fifty-seven  acres  planted  with  over  one 
hundred  species  of  trees  and  vines,  and  affording  ample 
open  spaces  for  athletic  sports. 

Free  tuition  and  low  cost  of  living. 

A location  in  an  intellectual  community  near  one  of 
the  most  prosperous  and  cultured  cities  in  Illinois. 


16 


The  Normal  School  Quarterly, 


Calendar  for  1903-1904. 


WINTER  TERM^  1903-1904. 

November  30 — Winter  term  begins. 

December  16 — Semi-annual  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Education. 
December  18 — Annual  contest  of  literary  societies. 

December  19 — Eecess  of  two  weeks. 

January  4,  1904 — Winter  term  resumes. 

February  20 — Annual  contest  in  declamation. 

February  27 — Annual  contest  in  oratory. 

March  4 — End  of  winter  term. 

Vacation  of  nine  days. 

SPRING  TERM^  1904. 

March  14 — Spring  term  begins. 

May  13 — Annual  debate  with  Oshkosh  Normal  School. 

June  1 — Annual  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

June  1 — Annual  meeting  of  the  Alumni  Association. 

June  2 — Annual  commencement  exercises. 

SUMMER  SESSION^  1904. 

June  6 — First  summer  term  begins. 

July  18 — Second  summer  term  begins. 

August  26 — Second  summer  term  ends. 

September  5 — Beginning  of  fall  term  of  year  1904-5. 

Address  inquiries  for  catalogs  and  information  concerning 
courses  of  study  to 

David  Felmley^  President, 

Normal,  Illinois. 


'..-  f "-? 


-;:  ''V  ^ •'■ 


■.-  ■ ■ c <' 


